";s:4:"text";s:24271:"Inscription; About; FAQ; Contact Here are 2 possible meanings. a member of the people in southeastern India (Andhra Pradesh) who speak the Telugu language, a Dravidian language spoken by the Telugu in southeastern India. Malliya Rechana is considered to be the first Telugu Author. [53] Tikkana wrote his works in this script. This is evidenced by the first inscription that is entirely in Telugu, dated 575 CE, which was found in the Rayalaseema region and is attributed to the Renati Cholas, who broke with the prevailing custom of using Sanskrit and began writing royal proclamations in the local language. subj. Further, Tummalagudem inscription of Vishnukundinas belongs to 5th Century CE. [106], On 15 February 2018, Apple devices were experiencing crashes of apps and device shutdowns when two particular characters from the Telugu language (specifically జ్ఞా) was rendered on the display. On top of one of the rock-cut caves, an early Telugu label inscription reading as ‘Thulachuvanru’ can be noticed. Telugu absorbed tatsamas from Sanskrit.[99]. [citation needed] Shatakam is composed of more than a 100 padyalu (poems). He was also known as Bhadra Bhupala. How unique is the name Telugu? Relations between participants in an event are coded in Telugu words through suffixation; there are no prefixes or infixes in the language. "Randi" does mean "come," said respectfully in Telugu. [98] During the period 1000–1100 CE, Nannaya's re-writing of the Mahābhārata in Telugu (మహాభారతము) established the liberal borrowing of Sanskrit words. Telugu has a complete set of letters that follow a system to express sounds. [6][7] Telugu is also a linguistic minority in the states of Odisha, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Punjab, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Vowels in Telugu contrast in length; there are short and long versions of all vowels except for /æ/, which only occurs as long. Ravuri Bharadhwaja won the 3rd Jnanpith Award for Telugu literature in 2013 for Paakudu Raallu, a graphic account of life behind the screen in film industry. Telugu has ten digits employed with the Hindu–Arabic numeral system. Telugu input, display, and support were initially provided on the Microsoft Windows platform. [63] Telugu speakers are also found in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Austria, Indonesia, Russia, China, Bahrain, Canada (Toronto), Fiji, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Mauritius, Myanmar, Philippines, Europe (Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Korea, France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Ireland and the United Kingdom), South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, and the United Arab Emirates. Nannayya, Tikkana and Yerrapragada (or Errana) are known as the Kavi Trayam. The lexicon of Telugu shows a pervasive influence of Sanskrit that goes back at least 1000 years; there is also evidence suggesting an earlier influence. Most place it on the penultimate or final syllable, depending on word and vowel length.[87]. In informal Telugu, personal pronouns distinguish masculine from non-masculine.[94][95]. in, "Indian Encyclopaedia – Volume 1", p. 2067, by Subodh Kapoor, Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd, 2002, Indian Epigraphy and South Indian Scripts, C. S. Murthy, 1952, Bulletins of the Madras Government Museum, New Series IV, General Section, Vol III, No. has virtually replaced the old method of punctuation. However, everyday Telugu varies in such features depending upon region. [89] The vowels of Telugu are illustrated below, along with the Telugu script and romanization. When consonants combine with other vowel signs, the vowel part is indicated orthographically using signs known as vowel "mātras". 27 1947–48, pp. Andhra, according to this text, was bounded in north by Mahendra mountain in the modern Ganjam district in Odisha and to the south by Srikalahasteeswara temple in Chittoor district. Yerrapragada: (Telugu: ఎర్రాప్రగడ) who lived in the 14th century, finished the epic by completing the third chapter. Dictionary entry overview: What does Telugu mean? Short vowels occur in all positions of a word, with the exception of /o/, which does not occur word-finally. However, in modern times, English punctuation (commas, semicolon, etc.) There are three noun classes: masculine (human males, he-gender), feminine (human females, she-gender), and neuter (all non-humans, it-gender). [55], In the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, the influence of the English language was seen, and modern communication/printing press arose as an effect of British rule, especially in the areas that were part of the Madras Presidency. The equivalence between the Telugu linguistic sphere and the geographical boundaries of Andhra is also brought out in an eleventh-century description of Andhra boundaries. Telugu is a South-Central Dravidian language primarily spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India, where it is the official language. [citation needed] If we assume that the Sumati Shatakam was indeed written by Baddena, it would rank as one of the earliest Shatakams in Telugu along with the Vrushadhipa Satakam of Palkuriki Somanatha and the Sarveswara Satakam of Yathavakkula Annamayya. Telugu place names are present all around Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Sri Sri was instrumental in popularising free verse in spoken Telugu (vaaduka bhasha), as opposed to the pure form of written Telugu used by several poets in his time. Dictionary entry overview: What does Telugu mean? 1 mass noun A Dravidian language spoken mainly in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and other parts of southern India. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971080', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, It is believed that Italian explorer Niccolò Da Conti, who visited Vijayanagara empire during the reign of Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya in the fifteenth century, coined the phrase. [85] Other dialects of Telugu are Berad, Dasari, Dommara, Golari, Kamathi, Komtao, Konda-Reddi, Salewari, Vadaga, Srikakula, Vishakhapatnam, East Godaveri, Rayalseema, Nellore, Guntur, Vadari and Yanadi. This heralded an era of Persian influence on the Telugu language, especially Hyderabad State. In Sri Lanka, an ethnic gypsy minority known as the Ahikuntakas (otherwise called Kuravars) in the Batticaloa district speak a localised dialect in the form of Sri Lanka Gypsy Telugu. There are three major dialects, namely, the Coastal dialect spoken in the Coastal Andhra region of Andhra Pradesh, the Rayalaseema dialect spoken in the four Rayalaseema districts of Andhra Pradesh and the Telangana dialect spoken mainly in the state of Telangana.[84]. The formal demonstratives may also be used as formal personal pronoun, that is, the polite forms for this woman or this man and that woman or that man can also simply mean she and he in more formal contexts. [21][22] If so the derivation itself must have been quite ancient because Triglyphum, Trilingum and Modogalingam are attested in ancient Greek sources, the last of which can be interpreted as a Telugu rendition of "Trilinga". The first treatise on Telugu grammar, the Āndhra Śabda Cinṭāmaṇi, was written in Sanskrit by Nannayya, considered the first Telugu poet and translator, in the 12th century CE. A few examples of words that contrast by length of word-medial consonants:[89], All retroflex consonants occur in intervocalic position and when adjacent to a retroflex consonant, for instance. [46][47][48][49], The period from 575 CE to 1022 CE corresponds to the second phase of Telugu history, after the Andhra Ikshvaku period. Telugu words generally end in vowels. [citation needed], Telugu is natively spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry. Menu. There is a wide variety of demonstrative pronouns in Telugu, whose forms depend on both proximity to the speaker and the level of formality. Some reverse coin legends are in Tamil,[38] and Telugu languages. [64] The Government of South Africa announced that Telugu will be re-included as the official subject in the South African schools after it was removed from the curriculum in state schools. [52] During the time of Nannayya, the literary language diverged from the popular language. This was due to centuries of Turkic rule in these regions, such as the erstwhile kingdoms of Golkonda and Hyderabad (e.g., కబురు, /kaburu/ for Urdu /xabar/, خبر or జవాబు, /dʒavaːbu/ for Urdu /dʒawɑːb/, جواب). Sanskrit loans have introduced aspirated and murmured consonants as well. The nominative case (karta), the object of a verb (karma), and the verb are somewhat in a sequence in Telugu sentence construction. The English for మృగం is beast. The effect is also evident in the prose of the early 19th century, as in the Kaifiyats.[52]. Telugu does not have contrastive stress, and speakers vary on where they perceive stress. Reports show that this has affected iOS, MacOS, tvOS and watchOS. Literature from this time had a mix of classical and modern traditions and included works by such scholars as Gidugu Venkata Ramamoorty, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Gurazada Apparao, Gidugu Sitapati and Panuganti Lakshminarasimha Rao. It's estimated that 80% of Telugu's lexicon is derived from Sanskrit. [14] Nannaya completed the first two chapters and a part of the third chapter of the Mahabharata epic, which is rendered in the Champu style. [75][76], Andhra is characterised as having its own mother tongue, and its territory has been equated with the extent of the Telugu language. [18] Sage Kanva was said to be the language's first grammarian. It stands alongside Hindi and Bengali as one of the few languages with primary official language status in more than one Indian state. [88], The Telugu gender system is different from Dravidian languages like Tamil given that the Telugu feminine shares indexation morphemes with the masculine plural (-ru) and with the neuter singular (-di). What is the meaning of Telugu? [42][43] Telugu words were also found in the Dharmasila inscription of Emperor Ashoka. Paravastu Chinnayya Soori (1807–1861) is a well-known Telugu writer who dedicated his entire life to the progress and promotion of Telugu language and literature. This is the period of Kavi Trayam or Trinity of Poets. [86] What does the South African term dingus mean? Posted on January 16, 2021 Written by. /ʋɐːɳiː/ vāṇī ‘tippet’, /kɐʈɳɐm/ kaṭṇam ‘dowry’, /pɐɳɖu/ paṇḍu ‘fruit’; /kɐɭɐ/ kaḷa ‘art’, /bɐːɭʈi/ bāḷṭi ‘bucket’ (from Portuguese balde ‘bucket’). you and your children within you to the ground, and they will not leave a stone upon a stone in you.” —Luke 19:43, 44. In the Telugu literature Tikkana was given agraasana (top position) by many famous critics. In Old Telugu, this was absolute; in the modern language m, n, y, w may end a word. It is one of the official languages of the union territories of Puducherry. gu. It is one of the 22 languages under schedule 8 of the constitution of India. Scholar Charles P. Brown made a comment that it was a "strange notion" since the predecessors of Appa Kavi had no knowledge of such a derivation. [20], George Abraham Grierson and other linguists doubt this derivation, holding rather that Telugu was the older term and Trilinga must be the later Sanskritisation of it. Telugu speaking migrants are also found in the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, some parts of Jharkhand and the Kharagpur region of West Bengal in India. The example above can also be interpreted as 'Rama will go to school', depending on the context, but it does not affect the SOV order. • TELUGU (noun) a member of the people speaking this language. The Free Dictionary [citation needed] Although there is evidence of Telugu literature before Nannaya, he is given the epithet Aadi Kavi ("the first poet"). [52], A distinct dialect developed in present-day Telangana region, due to Persian/Arabic influence: the Delhi Sultanate of the Tughlaq dynasty was established earlier in the northern Deccan Plateau during the 14th century. The name Telugu, then, is a result of an "n" to "l" alternation established in Telugu. holds that tenugu is derived from the proto-Dravidian word ten ("south")[24] to mean "the people who lived in the south/southern direction" (relative to Sanskrit and Prakrit-speaking peoples). [citation needed] Telugu words also have vowels in inflectional suffixes that are harmonized with the vowels of the preceding syllable.[91]. garu adds respect to people whom we addressing. Telugu is assigned Unicode codepoints: 0C00-0C7F (3072–3199).[102]. Many scientific[relevant? ] etc.) Waddar, Chenchu, and Manna-Dora are all closely related to Telugu. In both singular and plural, Telugu distinguishes two levels of distance from speaker (like in English), basically this and that, and these and those. With the exception of /ɳ/ and /ɭ/, all occur word-initial in a few words, such as /ʈɐkːu/ ṭakku ‘pretence’, /ʈhiːʋi/ ṭhīvi ‘grandeur’, /ɖipːɐ/ ḍippā ‘half of a spherical object’, /ɖɦoːkɐː/ ḍhōkā ‘danger’, and /ʂoːku/ ṣōku ‘fashionable appearance’. Other such translations like Marana's Markandeya Puranam, Ketana's Dasakumara Charita, Yerrapragada's Harivamsam followed. { bidder: 'sovrn', params: { tagid: '446381' }}, Dictionary entry overview: What does Telugu mean? [31] According to the Russian linguist Mikhail S. Andronov, Telugu split from the Proto-Dravidian language between 1000 and 1500 BCE. Krishnamurti (1998), "Telugu". Sumati Shatakam, which is a neeti ("moral"), is one of the most famous Telugu Shatakams. This grammar followed patterns described in grammatical treatises such as Aṣṭādhyāyī and Vālmīkivyākaranam, but unlike Pāṇini, Nannayya divided his work into five chapters, covering samjnā, sandhi, ajanta, halanta and kriya. *The aspirated and breathy-voiced consonants occur mostly in loan words, as do the fricatives apart from native /s/. Modern Telugu vocabulary can be said to constitute a diglossia because the formal, standardised version of the language is either lexically Sanskrit or heavily influenced by Sanskrit, as taught in schools, and used by the government and Hindu religious institutions. At 7.2% of the population, Telugu is the fourth-most-spoken language in the Indian subcontinent after Hindi, Bengali and Marathi. [89], The approximant /j/ occurs in word-initial position only in borrowed words, such as. It will be okay but not good. Telugu (noun) a Dravidian language spoken by the Telugu in southeastern India. 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