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";s:4:"text";s:23374:"Only the outer part of the stem consists mainly of fibers which are suitable for the production of paper. Hemp production in Kentucky, formerly the United States' leading producer, resumed in 2014. [82], CBD is hydroxylated by P450 liver enzymes into 7-OH-CBD. [57] Using hemp this way can help farmers avoid the use of herbicides, gain organic certification, and gain the benefits of crop rotation. Share. Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for industrial use. [130] In July 1605, Samuel Champlain reported the use of grass and hemp clothing by the (Wampanoag) people of Cape Cod and the (Nauset) people of Plymouth Bay told him they harvested hemp in their region where it grew wild to a height of 4 to 5 ft. [79] 11-OH-THC is the first metabolic product in this pathway. [15] A trial of cannabis is deemed to be a reasonable option if other treatments have not been effective. This results in the best nourishment for the body. [165], Relative to inhaled consumption, peak concentration of oral THC is delayed, and it may be difficult to determine optimal dosage because of variability in patient absorption. Hemp grown for fiber is planted closely, resulting in tall, slender plants with long fibers. Before this can happen, the FDA must first permit the study of the medical benefits and drawbacks of the substance, which it has not done since it was placed on Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act in 1970. When oxidized (often erroneously referred to as "drying"), hemp oil from the seeds becomes solid and can be used in the manufacture of oil-based paints, in creams as a moisturizing agent, for cooking, and in plastics. As of 2013, current studies suffer from the effects of bias, small sample size, and lack of long-term data. [4], Nabiximols is used for treatment of spasticity associated with MS when other therapies have not worked, and when an initial trial demonstrates "meaningful improvement". "An Archaeological and Historical Account of Cannabis in China". There is serious suspicion among cardiologists, spurring research but falling short of definitive proof, that cannabis use has the potential to contribute to cardiovascular disease. [35] The first US home made of hemp-based materials was completed in August 2010 in Asheville, North Carolina. Cultivated primarily for its strength as a … The American Medical Association[154] and American College of Physicians[155] do not take a position on the legalization of medical cannabis, but have called for the Schedule I classification to be reviewed. The inner two fibers of the plant are woodier and typically have industrial applications, such as mulch, animal bedding, and litter. [54], Cannabis usually causes no tolerance or withdrawal symptoms except in heavy users. [97], In the early 1990s, industrial hemp agriculture in North America began with the Hemp Awareness Committee at the University of Manitoba. [141], The method of obtaining medical cannabis varies by region and by legislation. Ancient herbal plant Conjuring water from thin air News_ Buried deep – the medical benefits of an ancient herbal plant. Chemical analyses of ancient organics absorbed into pottery jars from the beginning of advanced ancient Egyptian culture, ca . [57], CB1 and CB2 are the primary cannabinoid receptors responsible for several of the effects of cannabinoids, although other receptors may play a role as well. [70] In these strains of industrial hemp* the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content would have been very low. Our herbalists have carefully created over 50 high quality herbal teas and products. [37], Hemp is used as an internal plaster and is a mixture of hemp hurd (shive) mixed with larger proportions of a lime-based binder. - Prof of Pot", "Toxicology Litigation Support: Marijuana", "Cannabidiol: pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders", "Cannabinoids and Cytochrome P450 Interactions", "Inter-agency advisory regarding claims that smoked marijuana is a medicine", "The Ebers Papyrus The Oldest (confirmed) Written Prescriptions For Medical Marihuana era 1,550 BC", "The Medical Use of Cannabis Among the Greeks and Romans", "State Medical Marijuana Laws: Understanding the Laws and Their Limitations", "Marijuana and Medicine -- Assessing the Science Base", "History of Marijuana as Medicine – 2900 BC to Present", "Marijuana's journey to legal health treatment: the Canadian experience", "Brazil Regulates Sale Of Medical Marijuana Products", "10 Countries (Aside From the U.S.) Where Some Form of Medical Marijuana Is Legal", "Croatia legalises marijuana for medical use", "Cyprus begins to distribute medical cannabis", "Legal status of cannabis in Finland – An overview", "Germany joins the global experiment on marijuana legalization", "Greece legalises marijuana for medical purposes", "How the Booming Israeli Weed Industry Is Changing American Pot", "Italian army aims to produce 'the best-quality' medical marijuana after finding current batches deficient", "Jamaica's Kaya Farms Becomes First Medical Marijuana Dispensary To Open", "Lebanon Legalizes Cannabis Farming for Medicinal Use", "Cannabis for medical use legalised in Luxembourg", "Macedonia Allows Medical Marijuana in Pharmacies", "Malta has officially legalised medical cannabis", "New Zealand passes laws to make medical marijuana widely available", "Peru legalises medical marijuana in move spurred by mother's home lab", "Medical use of cannabis officially legal in Poland", "Portugal passes medical cannabis law, opens domestic market", "Thailand Approves Medical Marijuana In Regional First", "Medicinal cannabis products to be legalised", "Sativex (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol)", "Canada becomes second nation in the world to legalize marijuana", "Legal Pot In Mexico: Everything You Need to Know", "Swiss cannabis entrepreneurs develop craving for low-potency pot", "Legalizing Cannabis Violates the UN Drug Control Treaties, But Progressive Countries Like Canada Have Options", "The UN removes cannabis from a list of the most dangerous substances", "U.N. Reclassifies Cannabis as a Less Dangerous Drug", "WHO recommends rescheduling of cannabis", "WHO Recommends Rescheduling Cannabis in International Law for First Time in History", "Jeff Sessions personally asked Congress to let him prosecute medical-marijuana providers", "Medical marijuana fees stir debate in Maryland", "The pot vending machine's first foreign market? [100], France is Europe's biggest producer (and the world's second largest producer) with 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) cultivated. The ECS is obviously present in every person’s frame. [65], Millennia of selective breeding have resulted in varieties that display a wide range of traits; e.g. the Argand lamp. [4] Cannabinoid medicines are available in pill form (dronabinol and nabilone) and liquid extracts formulated into an oromucosal spray (nabiximols). Mechanical harvesting is now common, using specially adapted cutter-binders or simpler cutters. However, the editorial remark accompanying the diary states that "This may arise from their [the male] being coarser, and the stalks larger"[134] In subsequent days, he describes soaking the hemp [135] (to make the fibers usable) and harvesting the seeds,[136] suggesting that he was growing hemp for industrial purposes, not recreational. For the plant, see. The National Institute on Drug Abuse defines medical cannabis as "using the whole, unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat symptoms of illness and other conditions". [77] Other foliar pests, found in both indoor and outdoor crops, include the hemp russet mite, Aculops cannibicola, and cannabis aphid, Phorodon cannabis. And, in fact, the hemp plant, Cannabis Sativa, has been cultivated by humans for thousands of years. It can be used to make a wide range of products. Northern Ontario crops averaged 6.1 t/ha (2.5 t/ac) in 1998. Kuda CBD. The linguistic evidence strongly supports this theory, both as to time and direction of spread and as to cause."[127]. George Washington pushed for the growth of hemp as it was a cash crop commonly used to make rope and fabric. Hemp's use as a wood substitute will contribute to preserving biodiversity. [41] In 129,000 cases, cannabis was the only implicated drug. [4] Oral preparations are "problematic due to the uptake of cannabinoids into fatty tissue, from which they are released slowly, and the significant first-pass liver metabolism, which breaks down Δ9THC and contributes further to the variability of plasma concentrations". "[137][138], Other presidents known to have farmed hemp for alternative purposes include Thomas Jefferson,[139] James Madison, James Monroe, Andrew Jackson, Zachary Taylor, and Franklin Pierce. Deforestation, particularly the destruction of old growth forests, and the world’s decreasing supply of wild timber resources are today major ecological concerns. The Alkaline Lifestyle Plan. [66] An increase in apoC-III levels induces the development of hypertriglyceridemia. [120][124] The Chinese later used hemp to make clothes, shoes, ropes, and an early form of paper. [108], The 2018 Farm Bill, which incorporated the Hemp Farming Act of 2018, removed hemp as a Schedule I drug and instead made it an agricultural commodity. Evidence: 3.5/5. Robinson, Rowan. [97]:18–19 A landrace strain of cannabis developed over centuries. [69], The most psychoactive cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant is tetrahydrocannabinol (or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as THC). [110], The process to legalize hemp cultivation began in 2009, when Oregon began approving licenses for industrial hemp. That herbal extract is none other than CBD or cannabidiol. Hemp seeds' amino acid profile is comparable to other sources of protein such as meat, milk, eggs, and soy. [146], In Western Europe, the cultivation of hemp was not legally banned by the 1930s, but the commercial cultivation stopped by then, due to decreased demand compared to increasingly popular artificial fibers. [75][77][78], Delta-9-THC is the primary molecule responsible for the effects of cannabis. Hemp is considered by a 1998 study in Environmental Economics to be environmentally friendly due to a decrease of land use and other environmental impacts, indicating a possible decrease of ecological footprint in a US context compared to typical benchmarks. These diseases rarely affect the yield of a hemp field, so hemp production is not traditionally dependent on the use of pesticides. The American Heart Association says that "many of the concerning health implications of cannabis include cardiovascular diseases" but that it supports rescheduling to allow "more nuanced ... marijuana legislation and regulation" and to "reflect the existing science behind cannabis". For the genus of plants, see, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. The passing of the Act to destroy the U.S. hemp industry has been disputed to involve businessmen Andrew Mellon, Randolph Hearst and the Du Pont family. ... Cannabis is one of the 50 "fundamental" herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. [102], In the United States, the medical use of cannabis further declined with the passage of the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, which imposed new regulations and fees on physicians prescribing cannabis. Companies in Canada, the UK, the United States, and Germany, among many others, process hemp seed into a growing range of food products and cosmetics; many traditional growing countries continue to produce textile-grade fibre. Research in these events is complicated because cannabis is often used in conjunction with tobacco, and drugs such as alcohol and cocaine. [129] Similar attempts were made in Peru, Colombia, and Mexico, but only in Chile did the crop find success. [117], As of 2017 the hemp industry estimated that annual sales of hemp products were around $820 million annually; hemp-derived CBD have been the major force driving this growth. Further, decorticators did not perform satisfactorily in commercial production. Countries that allow the medical use of whole-plant cannabis include Australia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Portugal, and Uruguay. Greater seeding depths result in increased weed competition. [123] Hemp use archaeologically dates back to the Neolithic Age in China, with hemp fiber imprints found on Yangshao culture pottery dating from the 5th millennium BC. [162], Hemp for Victory, a short documentary produced by the United States Department of Agriculture during World War II, 1942 United States Department of Agriculture War Board Letter of appreciation to Joe "Daddy Burt" Burton, a Kentucky hemp farmer for his support of the World War II Hemp for Victory campaign. They contain 5% water, 5% carbohydrates, 49% total fat, and 31% protein. The discrepancies between studies may reflect greater long-term effects among heavier users relative to occasional users, and greater duration of effect among those with heavy use as adolescents compared to later in life. [3] It can be refined into a variety of commercial items, including paper, rope, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation, biofuel, food, and animal feed. Gingko. Additionally, hemp is being used to clean contaminants at the Chernobyl nuclear disaster site, by way of a process which is known as phytoremediation—the process of clearing radioisotopes and a variety of other toxins from the soil, water, and air. [77] Integrated pest management strategies should be employed to manage these pests with prevention and early detection being the foundation of a resilient program. Herbal Grown CBD Oil Oil works through assisting the Endocannabinoid System (ECS) paintings at its peakiest stages. [18], In 2011, the US imported $11.5 million worth of hemp products, mostly driven by growth in the demand for hemp seed and hemp oil for use as ingredients in foods such as granola. Harvard Health Publishing’s report, Medical Marijuana: Facts about cannabis, THC, and CBD, will give you the evidence-based answers to when and why you might want to consider medical cannabis. [13], A 2014 review stated that the variations in ratio of CBD-to-THC in botanical and pharmaceutical preparations determines the therapeutic vs psychoactive effects (CBD attenuates THC's psychoactive effects[14]) of cannabis products. [1][2] The use of cannabis as medicine has not been rigorously tested due to production and governmental restrictions, resulting in limited clinical research to define the safety and efficacy of using cannabis to treat diseases. Such diseases often lead to reduced fiber quality, stunted growth, and death of the plant. [96], Commercial production (including cultivation) of industrial hemp has been permitted in Canada since 1998 under licenses and authorization issued by Health Canada (9,725 ha in 2004, 5450 ha in 2009). [4][by whom?] Less common side effects were "ocular problems, orthostatic hypotension, muscle twitching, pruritus, vagueness, hallucinations, lightheadedness and dry mouth". [4] Cannabis contains more than 460 compounds;[7] at least 80 of these are cannabinoids[67][68] – chemical compounds that interact with cannabinoid receptors in the brain. [120] The classical Greek historian Herodotus (ca. Hemp seeds, which were used for food in the ancient world. [20], Medical cannabis is somewhat effective in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)[4][17] and may be a reasonable option in those who do not improve following preferential treatment. [98][99], In 2017, the cultivated area for hemp in the Prairie provinces include Saskatchewan with more than 56,000 acres (23,000 ha), Alberta with 45,000 acres (18,000 ha), and Manitoba with 30,000 acres (12,000 ha). [32] In the United States, cannabidiol, one of the cannabinoids found in the marijuana plant, has been approved for treating two severe forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. Hemp has been grown for millennia in Asia and the Middle East for its fibre. [119], Hemp is possibly one of the earliest plants to be cultivated. Print, Letter to Daddy Burt from USDA War Board | Burton Family Archive: Sallyann Burton Gullett, Picture of Daddy Burt with harvested hemp | Burton Family Archive: Jimmy Wallace Bruner, Link to Complete USDA Nutrient Database Entry, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Controlled Substances Chaos: The Department of Justice's New Policy Position on Marijuana and What It Means for Industrial Hemp Farming in North Dakota", "The Legalization of Industrial Hemp and What it Could Mean for Indiana's Biofuel Industry", THE UN VOTES TO RECOGNISE THE POTENTIAL MEDICAL VALUE OF CANNABIS, "Millers and Mullers: The archaeo-linguisitic stratigraphy of technological change in holocene Australia", "America's First Hemp Drink - Chronic Ice - Making a Splash in the Natural Beverage Market", "USDA ERS - Industrial Hemp in the United States: Status and Market Potential", "New York Chefs are Going Nuts for...Hemp Leaves?! [55] About 9% of those who experiment with marijuana eventually become dependent. Low levels can be detected in the brain, testes, and unborn fetuses, all of which are protected from systemic circulation via barriers. [133] The same limit applies in Switzerland, but no prescription is required to purchase. For example, the Lotus Eco Elise[41] Several factors favor the increased use of wood substitutes for paper, especially agricultural fibers such as hemp. [142][143][144], One claim is that Hearst believed[dubious – discuss] that his extensive timber holdings were threatened by the invention of the decorticator that he feared would allow hemp to become a cheap substitute for the paper pulp used for newspaper. 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Risula, and others, Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture, October 2009", "Lawmakers legalize industrial hemp farming in Greece: Prospects & Opportunities", "The European Hemp Industry: Cultivation, processing and applications for fibres, shivs and seeds", "Agriculture in the European Union, Statistical and Economic Information 2011, European Union Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development, page 283", "Growing Industrial Hemp in Ontario, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Canada, 2008", "Natural Fibers: Hemp Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009", "Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances (Industrial Hemp) Regulations 2008", "Guidelines for engaging in the commercial production of industrial hemp in Queensland", "Western Australian Legislation - Industrial Hemp Act 2004", "Opportunities to engage in commercial low THC hemp fibre and seed production in NSW", "Government of Alberta: Industrial Hemp Production in Canada, February 2, 2010", "Where the heck is hemp?, The Alberta Express, April 18th, 2007", "Manitoba Harvest 2007 Peoples Choice, Eco Libris, Oct 8th, 2007", "Hemp: a plant still unknown (in French)", Jordbruksverket: 2.1–2.3, 2.5 Marknadssituationen för spannmål, oljeväxter, proteingrödor, ris,2011-03-10, (Swedish Board of Agriculture, Report from an expert group in the European Union about the market situation for a number of agricultural products. 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