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As the bird hammers rapidly and powerfully at a tree trunk with its beak, the spongy bone acts like a cushion and protects the brain from the force of the impact. Of key importance is the fact that the woodpecker knows precisely how to strike the tree with its bill. ... meaning the force against the skull is spread over a larger brain area. For woodpeckers, "thick skull" is no insult. The woodpecker has a relatively small brain that is packed tightly in the skull.
The woodpecker’s skull is made of a spongy type of bone. Too much strain in the head can be catastrophic, but the woodpecker’s incredible anatomy—including a specialized beak and skull—redirects most of the strain into the rest of the body, instead of the head. When a woodpecker strikes a tree, the impact energy—energy that is released during a collision—is converted to strain energy in the body. The surface is also smooth, unlike human brains, and this spreads the force over a greater surface. In fact, new research shows that a strong skull saves these birds from serious brain injury. ... Doubts over 'extinct' woodpecker . 17 March 2006. Having completed diagrams of these skulls, Lizzie explores the biomechanics behind them.
How woodpeckers avoid head injury. A woodpecker skull is an extraordinary feat of engineering. This cranial bone is a mixture of tightly packed, dense compact bone surrounding a deeper bone that is layered in staggered, plate-like structures that create a dense shock absorption system. The woodpecker hammers at wood such force that its brain has to be protected from damage by a special skull. This diagram details the specialized functions and structures that allow a woodpecker to live off insects burrowed in trees. Of the forces that do reach the woodpecker’s skull, the unique structure of its cranial bone prevents forces from reaching its brain and cranial cavity. The spongy bones of the woodpecker's skull and the flexibility of its beak, both of which provide protection for the brain when drumming, have provided inspiration to engineers; a black box needs to survive intact when a plane falls from the sky, and modelling the black box with regard to a woodpecker's anatomy has increased the resistance of this device to damage sixty-fold.
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